
I interviewed dissident Catholic theologian Hans Kung this week and was pleasantly surprised to find that he is not the negative, strident, constantly critical person he comes across as in news stories I've read about him. Kung deserves his reputation as a brilliant theologian. I see that I have been perceiving Kung through the lens of the secular journalists, who have often used him to bolster their own positions.
It would seem to me that journalists who want to criticize the pope or the Roman Catholic hierarchy, or Church teachings make Kung their "go to" person who can be depended upon for negative comments.
Jennifer Green writes in a Citizen article published March 15: Since Benedict's election almost two years ago, hundreds of reporters have contacted Father Kung, confident that he will say exactly what he thinks of the increasingly conservative papacy.
He did not disappoint, making the point that if the church does not reform, it could end up as a facade of rules and rituals, while it weakens at the parish level.
"The hierarchy can preach what it wants, but the people do what they want, and that is a disastrous situation," says Father Kung.
As he spoke, news was flashing around the world that Benedict has no plans to ease the rules on priestly celibacy, communion for divorced Catholics, or anything else for that matter. He also called for more Latin in the mass and even Gregorian chants.
Well, the article I'm going to write will focus more on points of agreement between Kung and Ratzinger. Because I was not looking for criticism of the Pope, or of the Church, I got a different interview. And interestingly, even when he spoke to a group of Saint Paul University professors, he said positive things about his meeting with the Pope Benedict XVI months after his election.
Green focused her piece on Kung's assessment of why Ratzinger left Tubingen University where they were both professors after their participation as theologians in the Second Vatican Council.
Green starts off the piece:
Behind the rigid rule of Pope Benedict XVI is a man who lives in terror of grassroots rebellions, says a renegade theologian who was once his friend.
After student revolts swept Germany in 1968, "he got more and more conservative, more and more frightened," says Rev. Hans Kung.
Then at the end of the piece, she concludes that Ratzinger's journey to conservativism was based on fear, using quotes from Kung's memoir
My Struggle for Freedom :
But a few years later, thousands of students revolted, some violently, protesting a government they saw as hypocritical and authoritarian.
He writes in his book: "We were both more than once vociferously prevented from teaching by sit-ins of protesters from other faculties in the lecture room. What for me remained a temporary annoyance evidently had a permanent shock effect on Ratzinger. He didn't want to remain in Tubingen a semester longer."
He was most horrified at a group of Catholic students demanding more control over their chaplaincy.
"To the present day, Ratzinger has shown phobias about all movements 'from below;' whether these are student chaplaincies, groups of priests, movements of church people, the Iglesia popular or liberation theology."
Father Ratzinger left for another university.
Now, contrast this with Vatican specialist
John Allen's Jr.'s treatment of the same time period and its pivotal role in moving Ratzinger in a more conservative direction. He does quote Kung, who describes Ratzinger as "timid" but he stresses other points, and gives ample space to Ratzinger's perspective. Here's how he treats Ratzinger's reaction to the radical protests:
For Ratzinger, all this was simply too much. Frustrated that the theology faculties were emerging as the ideological center of the protest movement, Ratzinger joined forces with two Protestant colleagues, Ulrich Wickert and Wolfgang Beyerhaus, to "bear witness to our common faith in the living God and in Christ, the incarnate word," which the three men believed was under threat. Ratzinger found himself in conflict with many of his colleagues. "I did not want to be always forced into the contra position," he said, and thus he abandoned Tübingen, a height that most theologians can only dream of attaining, after only three years.
-snip-
Ratzinger was also deeply disturbed by events at the student parish in Tübingen, where a group of radicals claimed the right to express a "political mandate" for the parish. These students wanted to appoint the chaplain themselves and to lead the parish into political activism. The debate deeply polarized the Catholic students at Tübingen. Ratzinger expressed his worries about the situation to his students, especially on the question of the bishop's right to appoint chaplains. It was another awakening experience for Ratzinger, an object lesson in the dangers of a politicized faith.
Ratzinger later said the Tübingen experience showed him "an instrumentalization by ideologies that were tyrannical, brutal, and cruel. That experience made it clear to me that the abuse of the faith had to be resisted precisely if one wanted to uphold the will of the council.... I did see how real tyranny was exercised, even in brutal forms.anyone who wanted to remain a progressive in this context had to give up his integrity." According to observers who were at Tübingen in the late 1960s, several of Ratzinger's graduate students, including some who had followed him from Bonn and Münster, became puzzled and frustrated at his new stance. Some deserted him to study under Küng or Metz.
Interesting, eh? Because of articles that have used Kung to provide a negative view of the Church, I was prepared to dismiss him. Frankly, I've found many of the so-called dissident Catholics quite appalling as theologians and not even Christian, never mind Catholic Christian. But in preparing for the interview, I read parts of Kung's
Does God Exist?The book is a brilliant apologetic for Christ that totally engages philosphy and science. When I read his section on Blaise Pascal, I connected with him because Kung clearly respects Pascal as do I. Then he makes the case for the specific God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and finally for the incarnate and risen Son of God, Jesus Christ. I still disagree with Kung on a number of issues, but agree with him on essentials. He said he agrees with the Pope on essentials too.
Why do so few journalists ever mention those essentials?
Also....though Benedict may be a shy man, to say that he is timid or frightened doesn't seem to jibe with a man who went to Turkey after the violent reaction to his speech at Regensburg, possibly risking his life. Nah, Benedict's no coward. And I understand his reaction against the totalitarian revolt of the students.
Labels: Benedict XVI, Hans Kung, Ratzinger